文章目录
展开nginx实现https
HTTPS作用
数据加密传输
OSI七层模型:表示层加密/解密
证书申请流程
证书类型介绍
对比 | 域名型DV | 企业型OV | 增强型EV |
---|---|---|---|
地址栏 | 锁标记+绿色https | 锁标记+绿色https | 锁标记+绿色https+企业名称(logo) |
用途 | 个人网站 | 电子商务网站,中小型企业 | 大型金融平台,大公司,政府机构 |
审核内容 | 域名所有权验证 | 全面的企业身份验证; 域名所有权验证 | 最高等级的企业身份验证; 域名所有权验证 |
颁发时长 | 不到10分钟 | 3-5个工作日 | 5-7个工作日 |
首次申请年限 | 1年 | 1-2年 | 1-2年 |
赔付保障金 | -- | 125-175万美金 | 150-175万美金 |
证书购买类型
- 只能单个域名使用
- 比如 www.wodeyumengouwo.com 那只能www.wodeyumengouwo.com用这个证书
- 混合域名
- 多个域名都可以使用该证书
- www.hg.com www.yyds.com
- 泛域名
- *.wodeyumengouwo.com 前面加什么都能用
- www.wodeyumengouwo.com
- blog.wodeyumengouwo.com
- download.wodeyumengouwo.com
HTTPS注意事项
- 比如 www.wodeyumengouwo.com 那只能www.wodeyumengouwo.com用这个证书
- 多个域名都可以使用该证书
- www.hg.com www.yyds.com
- *.wodeyumengouwo.com 前面加什么都能用
- www.wodeyumengouwo.com
- blog.wodeyumengouwo.com
- download.wodeyumengouwo.com
1.证书过期,无法续费
2.三级域名无法使用https (比如 mar.m.wyk.com 这种就是三级域名)
3.注意证书的颜色:
- 绿色:全站的URL都是https加密的
- 红色:假证书或者证书过期
- 黄色:并非全站URL都是https加密的
单台nginx实现HTTPS
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
}
# 重启nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 创建站点目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /code/test/
# 部署代码
[root@web01 ~]# echo 'test https' > /code/test/index.html
# 域名解析
10.0.0.7 www.test.com
# 访问浏览器:http://www.test.com/
跟CA机构申请证书
## CA机构创建证书
[root@web01 ~]# openssl genrsa -idea -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
........................................+++
...................................................................................................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key: 1111 ## 输入一个密码
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key: ## 确认密码
## 当前所在目录会生成证书
[root@web01 ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1747 Oct 2 22:59 server.key
## 跟CA机构填写个人信息,签发证书
[root@web01 ~]# openssl req -days 36500 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................+++
........................+++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN ## 国家代码 简写,2个字符
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai ## 所在省
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghai ## 城市名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:yyds ## 公司名字
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:yyds ## 公司名字
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.test.com ## 域名
Email Address []:111@qq.com ## 邮箱
## 查看证书文件
[root@web01 ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1399 Oct 2 23:04 server.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Oct 2 23:04 server.key
配置ssl证书的语法
#启动ssl功能
Syntax: ssl on | off;
Default: ssl off;
Context: http,server
#证书文件
Syntax: ssl_certificate file;
Default: -
Context: http,server
#私钥文件
Syntax: ssl_certificate_key file;
Default: -
Context: http,server
修改nginx配置文件
# 1.创建证书存放的目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@web01 ~]# mv server.* /etc/nginx/ssl/
[root@web01 ~]# ll /etc/nginx/ssl/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1399 Oct 2 23:04 server.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Oct 2 23:04 server.key
# 2.配置nginx证书(老语法)
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
# 会警告你最好不要这样写
nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf:6
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# 3.配置证书新语法
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
# 4.检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 5.浏览器访问:https://www.test.com
## CA机构创建证书
[root@web01 ~]# openssl genrsa -idea -out server.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
........................................+++
...................................................................................................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key: 1111 ## 输入一个密码
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key: ## 确认密码
## 当前所在目录会生成证书
[root@web01 ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1747 Oct 2 22:59 server.key
## 跟CA机构填写个人信息,签发证书
[root@web01 ~]# openssl req -days 36500 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................+++
........................+++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN ## 国家代码 简写,2个字符
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai ## 所在省
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:shanghai ## 城市名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:yyds ## 公司名字
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:yyds ## 公司名字
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.test.com ## 域名
Email Address []:111@qq.com ## 邮箱
## 查看证书文件
[root@web01 ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1399 Oct 2 23:04 server.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Oct 2 23:04 server.key
#启动ssl功能
Syntax: ssl on | off;
Default: ssl off;
Context: http,server
#证书文件
Syntax: ssl_certificate file;
Default: -
Context: http,server
#私钥文件
Syntax: ssl_certificate_key file;
Default: -
Context: http,server
修改nginx配置文件
# 1.创建证书存放的目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@web01 ~]# mv server.* /etc/nginx/ssl/
[root@web01 ~]# ll /etc/nginx/ssl/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1399 Oct 2 23:04 server.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Oct 2 23:04 server.key
# 2.配置nginx证书(老语法)
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
# 会警告你最好不要这样写
nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf:6
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# 3.配置证书新语法
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
# 4.检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 5.浏览器访问:https://www.test.com
# 1.创建证书存放的目录
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@web01 ~]# mv server.* /etc/nginx/ssl/
[root@web01 ~]# ll /etc/nginx/ssl/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1399 Oct 2 23:04 server.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Oct 2 23:04 server.key
# 2.配置nginx证书(老语法)
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
# 会警告你最好不要这样写
nginx: [warn] the "ssl" directive is deprecated, use the "listen ... ssl" directive instead in /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf:6
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# 3.配置证书新语法
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
# 4.检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 5.浏览器访问:https://www.test.com
使用rewrite协议跳转
# 80端口强转443 提升用户体验
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.test.com$1 redirect;
# return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri; 两种方法 都可以
}
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
## 重启nginx
[root@web01 test]# systemctl restart nginx
# 打开浏览器访问www.test.com
# 80端口强转443 提升用户体验
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.test.com$1 redirect;
# return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri; 两种方法 都可以
}
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
}
## 重启nginx
[root@web01 test]# systemctl restart nginx
# 打开浏览器访问www.test.com
给wordpress博客加证书
## 生成证书
[root@web02 ~]# openssl genrsa -idea -out wp.key 2048
[root@web02 ~]# openssl req -days 36500 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout wp.key -out wp.pem
## 创建证书存放位置
[root@web02 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@web02 ~]# mv wp.* /etc/nginx/ssl/
## 配置nginx配置文件
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wp.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.wp.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.wp.com$1 redirect;
}
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.wp.com;
root /code/wordpress;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/wp.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wp.key;
location / {
if ( -f $request_filename/index.html ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if ( -f $request_filename/index.php ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if ( !-f $request_filename ){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/dev/shm/php.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web02 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 域名解析 10.0.0.7 www.wp.com 浏览器访问:www.wp.com会出现破图
解决php破图现象
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wp.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.wp.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.wp.com$1 redirect;
}
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.wp.com;
root /code/wordpress;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/wp.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wp.key;
location / {
if ( -f $request_filename/index.html ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if ( -f $request_filename/index.php ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if ( !-f $request_filename ){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 浏览器访问:www.wp.com
[root@web02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/wp.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.wp.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.wp.com$1 redirect;
}
server{
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.wp.com;
root /code/wordpress;
index index.html;
ssl_certificate ssl/wp.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/wp.key;
location / {
if ( -f $request_filename/index.html ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if ( -f $request_filename/index.php ){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if ( !-f $request_filename ){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
# 浏览器访问:www.wp.com
多台nginx配置ssl证书
## 负载均衡配置证书
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf
upstream www.test.com {
server 172.16.1.7;
server 172.16.1.8;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
rewrite (.*) https://www.test.com$1 redirect;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.test.com;
ssl_certificate ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/server.key;
location /{
proxy_pass http://www.test.com;
include proxy_params;
}
}
# 检测语法,重启nginx
[root@lb01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
## 创建证书目录 将证书放在负载均衡服务器的/etc/nginx/ssl
[root@lb01 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@web01 ~]# scp /etc/nginx/ssl/* 172.16.1.5:/etc/nginx/ssl
## web01和web02配置
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.com.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
}
## 创建站点目录并写入index.html文件
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /code/test
[root@web01 ~]# echo 'web01' > /code/test/index.html
# 检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
[root@web02 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.wyk.com.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name test.wyk.com;
root /code/test;
index index.html;
}
## 创建站点目录并写入index.html文件
[root@web02 ~]# mkdir /code/test -p
[root@web02 ~]# echo 'web02' > /code/test/index.html
# 检测语法,重启nginx
[root@web02 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
# 域名解析 10.0.0.5 www.test.com 浏览器访问www.test.com
ssl优化参数
## 把以下内容放到 ssl_certificate_key file; 下就行
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; #在建立完ssl握手后如果断开连接,在session_timeout时间内再次连接,是不需要再次获取公钥建立握手的,可以服用之前的连接
ssl_session_timeout 1440m; #ssl连接断开后的超时时间
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4; #配置加密套接协议
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; #使用TLS版本协议
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; #nginx决定使用哪些协议与浏览器通信
## 把以下内容放到 ssl_certificate_key file; 下就行
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; #在建立完ssl握手后如果断开连接,在session_timeout时间内再次连接,是不需要再次获取公钥建立握手的,可以服用之前的连接
ssl_session_timeout 1440m; #ssl连接断开后的超时时间
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4; #配置加密套接协议
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; #使用TLS版本协议
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; #nginx决定使用哪些协议与浏览器通信
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