yum管理工具
yum概述
什么是yum
yum 也是一种 rpm 包管理工具，相比于rpm命令，优势是可以自动解决依赖关系。
自动解决依赖关系前提条件，你的yum源中要有这些依赖包
什么是yum源
yum源：可以理解为手机中的应用商店
yum源其他名称：镜像站，yum仓库，rpm仓库
配置yum
# 使用阿里云的yum源
http://mirrors.aliyun.com
# 系统中需要的基础yum源
base源：和镜像中的Linux基础rpm包差不多
epel源：一些扩展安装包
# yum源的配置文件存放目录
/etc/yum.repos.d/
# 1.删除所有官方yum源
[root@web ~]# rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*
# 2.安全方式 :打成压缩包 方便恢复
gzip -r /etc/yum.repos.d/
# 3.下载Base源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@web yum.repos.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Aug 4 2022 CentOS-Base.repo
# 4.下载epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@web yum.repos.d]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Aug 4 2022 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Aug 4 2022 epel.repo
## 注意：在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下所有的yum源配置，必须以.repo结尾
## 安装nginx服务，使用nginx官方yum源
# 1.打开官网 http://nginx.org/
# 2.找nginx的yum仓库
# 3.创建一个vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo 写入以下源码
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
# 清华源里的替换yum源的的命令↓
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo1.阿里巴巴开源镜像站-OPSX镜像站-阿里云开发者社区 (aliyun.com)
2.欢迎访问网易开源镜像站 (163.com)
3.清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
4.USTC Open Source Software Mirror
5.华为开源镜像站_软件开发服务_华为云 (huaweicloud.com)
yum命令实践
yum 查询
## list：查看yum仓库中的所有可以安装的rpm包
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum list
包名 版本和发布次数 这包在哪个仓库
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
......
## 过滤看看yum仓库中是否有wget包
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum list|grep wget
wget.x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 @base
## info：查看指定包的详细信息
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum info wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
Name : wget
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.14
Release : 18.el7_6.1
Size : 2.0 M
Repo : installed
From repo : base
Summary : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
URL : http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
License : GPLv3+
Description : GNU Wget is a file retrieval utility which can use either the HTTP or
: FTP protocols. Wget features include the ability to work in the
: background while you are logged out, recursive retrieval of
: directories, file name wildcard matching, remote file timestamp
: storage and comparison, use of Rest with FTP servers and Range with
: HTTP servers to retrieve files over slow or unstable connections,
: support for Proxy servers, and configurability.
## 查看yum仓库中，所有安装包的详细信息
yum info
## provides：根据命令查找包
yum provides ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
# 该命令隶属于的包名↓
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @base # 该命令隶属于的仓库
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/ifconfig# 装完后，命令会在/usr/sbin下叫ifconfig
## provides：根据命令查找属于哪个安装包，最好写命令的绝对路径
yum provides */ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:02
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 303 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:01
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfig
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfig
yum安装
yum安装方式：
- 本地安装
yum localinstall -y 包名 （前提该包已经下载在服务器上了）
- yum源安装
yum install -y tree
- 网站上安装
yum install -y 下载地址
自动解决依赖关系的前提条件：在你的所有yum源中都要有该软件的依赖包
yum卸载
# 以下两种方式 选择一种即可
yum erase 包名 -y
yum remove 包名 -y
yum重装
yum reinstall -y 包名
## 作用：误删除了该服务相关的任何一个文件，使用reinstall都可以恢复，但是恢复的是最初始的配置，只恢复被删除的文件 ，其他文件不变，还是重装前的配置
## reinstall重装的方式，必须跟最开始安装这个包的方式保持一致
- 本地安装：重装时就得进入到包设置目录或加上包的绝对路径 并加上完整包名
- 从源里装：重装就只要包名
例：
[root@web ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@web ~]# rpm -qc nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/mime.types.default
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/win-utf
[root@web ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# rm -fr nginx.conf
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# yum reinstall -y nginx
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
yum更新
# 查看当前系统中，有哪些软件是可以更新的
[root@web nginx]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
......
# 更新指定的软件包
[root@web nginx]# yum update -y zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9
# 更新所有可更新的软件包
yum update -y
- 连系统本身都会升级(不建议)
yum缓存命令
## 清除所有的缓存
yum clean all
## 加载缓存
yum makecache
[root@web nginx]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 1.1 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 150 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.4 MB 00:00:01
(4/5): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:01
(5/5): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:01
Metadata Cache Created
## 默认情况下，yum是不会下载rpm的只会安装
## 除非开启，下载的配置
vim /etc/yum.conf
将配置中的 keepcache=0 改为=1 linux中一般 0代表关闭 1代表开启
## yum下载的默认路径
ll /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
## 只下载，不安装，并指定目录
--downloadonly：仅下载，不安装
--downloaddir：指定下载的目录
例：
只下载nginx，不安装，并指定目录为/root
yum install nginx -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root
## yum clean packages :清除所有下载的包 但只会清除yum默认路径下rpm包 在其他目录的包不会被一起删除
[root@web ~]# find /var/cache/yum/ -type f -name '*.rpm'
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm
......
[root@web ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates
22 package files removed
yum包组管理命令
# 查看有哪些包组可以安装
yum group list
# 安装包组
yum groups install 包组名字
# 卸载包组
yum groups remove 包组名字
yum历史命令
[root@web ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
命令的ID号 执行的命令 执行的时间 动作 操作几个包
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:50 | Install | 22
19 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:41 | Update | 1
18 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:36 | Reinstall | 1
17 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Install | 1
16 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Erase | 1
15 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Install | 1
14 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Reinstall | 1
13 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:32 | Reinstall | 1
12 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:20 | Install | 11 <
11 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:21 | Erase | 1 >
10 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:10 | Install | 5
9 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:02 | Erase | 1 <
8 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:00 | Erase | 1 ><
7 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
6 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
5 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:57 | Erase | 1 >
4 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 14:39 | Install | 1
3 | root <root> | 2023-07-03 19:22 | Update | 1
2 | root <root> | 2023-04-11 17:09 | I, U | 64
1 | System <unset> | 2023-04-11 16:18 | Install | 304
history list
# 查看某个历史操作的详细信息
命令： yum history info ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history info 20
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Transaction ID : 20
Begin time : Sat Jul 8 19:50:47 2023
Begin rpmdb : 383:f87044a78f30db1c932054203bce614033b638f6
End time : 19:50:55 2023 (8 seconds)
End rpmdb : 405:faea1d0e20970e9103eeba24fb6f7cf20a969dc4
User : root <root>
Return-Code : Success
Command Line : install -y ansible
Transaction performed with:
Installed rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64 @anaconda
Installed yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch @anaconda
Installed yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch @anaconda
Packages Altered:
Dep-Install PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 @base
Install ansible-2.9.27-1.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-jinja2-2.7.2-4.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python2-httplib2-0.18.1-3.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-jmespath-0.9.4-2.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64 @extras
history info
# 撤销历史操作：一般撤销更新操作
命令： yum history undo ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history undo 20
yum仓库命令
## 查看所有源中可用的yum仓库
[root@web ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库名 仓库描述 仓库状态:多少个包
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,753
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 518
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 5,061
repolist: 29,404 # 一共多少包
## 使用yum-config-manager
# 1.没有命令，要安装命令
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-config-manager
No package yum-config-manager available.
Error: Nothing to do # 报错 找不到包
# 2.查询该命令属于哪个包
[root@web ~]# yum provides */yum-config-manager
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch : Utilities based around the yum package manager
#对应包名↑
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
# 3.安装对应的rpm包
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
## all查看所有的库↓
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
# enabled：开启状态并显示这个库有多少包
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
# disabled ：关闭状态
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,060
## 修改yum源配置文件，开启或关闭仓库命令↓
# 1.开启命令
例↓
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --enable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror #加载
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 215
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,275 # 开启以后 重新加载这个库 状态变为开启 显示库里包的数量 总数也会增加
# 2.关闭命令
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --disable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
YUM仓库配置文件
# 仓库名字
[base]
# 仓库的描述
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库的地址
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
# 仓库签名检查机制
gpgcheck=1
# 仓库开启/关闭 （1：开启，0：关闭，默认1）
enabled=1
# 公钥的地址
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
公钥：锁
私钥：钥匙
## list：查看yum仓库中的所有可以安装的rpm包
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum list
包名 版本和发布次数 这包在哪个仓库
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-12.el7 base
......
## 过滤看看yum仓库中是否有wget包
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum list|grep wget
wget.x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 @base
## info：查看指定包的详细信息
[root@web yum.repos.d]# yum info wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Installed Packages
Name : wget
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.14
Release : 18.el7_6.1
Size : 2.0 M
Repo : installed
From repo : base
Summary : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
URL : http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
License : GPLv3+
Description : GNU Wget is a file retrieval utility which can use either the HTTP or
: FTP protocols. Wget features include the ability to work in the
: background while you are logged out, recursive retrieval of
: directories, file name wildcard matching, remote file timestamp
: storage and comparison, use of Rest with FTP servers and Range with
: HTTP servers to retrieve files over slow or unstable connections,
: support for Proxy servers, and configurability.
## 查看yum仓库中，所有安装包的详细信息
yum info
## provides：根据命令查找包
yum provides ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
# 该命令隶属于的包名↓
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @base # 该命令隶属于的仓库
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/ifconfig# 装完后，命令会在/usr/sbin下叫ifconfig
## provides：根据命令查找属于哪个安装包，最好写命令的绝对路径
yum provides */ifconfig
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:02
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 303 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:01
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfig
net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /sbin/ifconfigyum安装方式：
- 本地安装
yum localinstall -y 包名 （前提该包已经下载在服务器上了）
- yum源安装
yum install -y tree
- 网站上安装
yum install -y 下载地址
自动解决依赖关系的前提条件：在你的所有yum源中都要有该软件的依赖包# 以下两种方式 选择一种即可
yum erase 包名 -y
yum remove 包名 -yyum重装
yum reinstall -y 包名
## 作用：误删除了该服务相关的任何一个文件，使用reinstall都可以恢复，但是恢复的是最初始的配置，只恢复被删除的文件 ，其他文件不变，还是重装前的配置
## reinstall重装的方式，必须跟最开始安装这个包的方式保持一致
- 本地安装：重装时就得进入到包设置目录或加上包的绝对路径 并加上完整包名
- 从源里装：重装就只要包名
例：
[root@web ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@web ~]# rpm -qc nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/mime.types.default
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/win-utf
[root@web ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# rm -fr nginx.conf
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# yum reinstall -y nginx
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
yum更新
# 查看当前系统中，有哪些软件是可以更新的
[root@web nginx]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
......
# 更新指定的软件包
[root@web nginx]# yum update -y zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9
# 更新所有可更新的软件包
yum update -y
- 连系统本身都会升级(不建议)
yum缓存命令
## 清除所有的缓存
yum clean all
## 加载缓存
yum makecache
[root@web nginx]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 1.1 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 150 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.4 MB 00:00:01
(4/5): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:01
(5/5): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:01
Metadata Cache Created
## 默认情况下，yum是不会下载rpm的只会安装
## 除非开启，下载的配置
vim /etc/yum.conf
将配置中的 keepcache=0 改为=1 linux中一般 0代表关闭 1代表开启
## yum下载的默认路径
ll /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
## 只下载，不安装，并指定目录
--downloadonly：仅下载，不安装
--downloaddir：指定下载的目录
例：
只下载nginx，不安装，并指定目录为/root
yum install nginx -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root
## yum clean packages :清除所有下载的包 但只会清除yum默认路径下rpm包 在其他目录的包不会被一起删除
[root@web ~]# find /var/cache/yum/ -type f -name '*.rpm'
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm
......
[root@web ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates
22 package files removed
yum包组管理命令
# 查看有哪些包组可以安装
yum group list
# 安装包组
yum groups install 包组名字
# 卸载包组
yum groups remove 包组名字
yum历史命令
[root@web ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
命令的ID号 执行的命令 执行的时间 动作 操作几个包
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:50 | Install | 22
19 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:41 | Update | 1
18 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:36 | Reinstall | 1
17 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Install | 1
16 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Erase | 1
15 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Install | 1
14 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Reinstall | 1
13 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:32 | Reinstall | 1
12 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:20 | Install | 11 <
11 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:21 | Erase | 1 >
10 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:10 | Install | 5
9 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:02 | Erase | 1 <
8 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:00 | Erase | 1 ><
7 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
6 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
5 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:57 | Erase | 1 >
4 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 14:39 | Install | 1
3 | root <root> | 2023-07-03 19:22 | Update | 1
2 | root <root> | 2023-04-11 17:09 | I, U | 64
1 | System <unset> | 2023-04-11 16:18 | Install | 304
history list
# 查看某个历史操作的详细信息
命令： yum history info ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history info 20
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Transaction ID : 20
Begin time : Sat Jul 8 19:50:47 2023
Begin rpmdb : 383:f87044a78f30db1c932054203bce614033b638f6
End time : 19:50:55 2023 (8 seconds)
End rpmdb : 405:faea1d0e20970e9103eeba24fb6f7cf20a969dc4
User : root <root>
Return-Code : Success
Command Line : install -y ansible
Transaction performed with:
Installed rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64 @anaconda
Installed yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch @anaconda
Installed yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch @anaconda
Packages Altered:
Dep-Install PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 @base
Install ansible-2.9.27-1.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-jinja2-2.7.2-4.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python2-httplib2-0.18.1-3.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-jmespath-0.9.4-2.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64 @extras
history info
# 撤销历史操作：一般撤销更新操作
命令： yum history undo ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history undo 20
yum仓库命令
## 查看所有源中可用的yum仓库
[root@web ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库名 仓库描述 仓库状态:多少个包
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,753
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 518
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 5,061
repolist: 29,404 # 一共多少包
## 使用yum-config-manager
# 1.没有命令，要安装命令
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-config-manager
No package yum-config-manager available.
Error: Nothing to do # 报错 找不到包
# 2.查询该命令属于哪个包
[root@web ~]# yum provides */yum-config-manager
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch : Utilities based around the yum package manager
#对应包名↑
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
# 3.安装对应的rpm包
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
## all查看所有的库↓
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
# enabled：开启状态并显示这个库有多少包
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
# disabled ：关闭状态
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,060
## 修改yum源配置文件，开启或关闭仓库命令↓
# 1.开启命令
例↓
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --enable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror #加载
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 215
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,275 # 开启以后 重新加载这个库 状态变为开启 显示库里包的数量 总数也会增加
# 2.关闭命令
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --disable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
YUM仓库配置文件
# 仓库名字
[base]
# 仓库的描述
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库的地址
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
# 仓库签名检查机制
gpgcheck=1
# 仓库开启/关闭 （1：开启，0：关闭，默认1）
enabled=1
# 公钥的地址
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
公钥：锁
私钥：钥匙
yum reinstall -y 包名
## 作用：误删除了该服务相关的任何一个文件，使用reinstall都可以恢复，但是恢复的是最初始的配置，只恢复被删除的文件 ，其他文件不变，还是重装前的配置
## reinstall重装的方式，必须跟最开始安装这个包的方式保持一致
- 本地安装：重装时就得进入到包设置目录或加上包的绝对路径 并加上完整包名
- 从源里装：重装就只要包名
例：
[root@web ~]# yum install -y nginx
[root@web ~]# rpm -qc nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/mime.types.default
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default
/etc/nginx/win-utf
[root@web ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# rm -fr nginx.conf
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf
[root@web nginx]# yum reinstall -y nginx
[root@web nginx]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Nov 11 2022 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Nov 11 2022 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Nov 11 2022 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 11 2022 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2336 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Nov 11 2022 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 Nov 11 2022 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 11 2022 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Nov 11 2022 win-utf# 查看当前系统中，有哪些软件是可以更新的
[root@web nginx]# yum check-update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 updates
......
# 更新指定的软件包
[root@web nginx]# yum update -y zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-21.el7_9
# 更新所有可更新的软件包
yum update -y
- 连系统本身都会升级(不建议)## 清除所有的缓存
yum clean all
## 加载缓存
yum makecache
[root@web nginx]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/5): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 1.1 kB 00:00:00
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 150 kB 00:00:00
(3/5): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.4 MB 00:00:01
(4/5): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:01
(5/5): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:01
Metadata Cache Created
## 默认情况下，yum是不会下载rpm的只会安装
## 除非开启，下载的配置
vim /etc/yum.conf
将配置中的 keepcache=0 改为=1 linux中一般 0代表关闭 1代表开启
## yum下载的默认路径
ll /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
## 只下载，不安装，并指定目录
--downloadonly：仅下载，不安装
--downloaddir：指定下载的目录
例：
只下载nginx，不安装，并指定目录为/root
yum install nginx -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root
## yum clean packages :清除所有下载的包 但只会清除yum默认路径下rpm包 在其他目录的包不会被一起删除
[root@web ~]# find /var/cache/yum/ -type f -name '*.rpm'
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm
......
[root@web ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates
22 package files removed# 查看有哪些包组可以安装
yum group list
# 安装包组
yum groups install 包组名字
# 卸载包组
yum groups remove 包组名字[root@web ~]# yum history
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
命令的ID号 执行的命令 执行的时间 动作 操作几个包
ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:50 | Install | 22
19 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:41 | Update | 1
18 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:36 | Reinstall | 1
17 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Install | 1
16 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:35 | Erase | 1
15 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Install | 1
14 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:34 | Reinstall | 1
13 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:32 | Reinstall | 1
12 | root <root> | 2023-07-08 19:20 | Install | 11 <
11 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:21 | Erase | 1 >
10 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:10 | Install | 5
9 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:02 | Erase | 1 <
8 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 16:00 | Erase | 1 ><
7 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
6 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:58 | Erase | 1 ><
5 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 15:57 | Erase | 1 >
4 | root <root> | 2023-07-06 14:39 | Install | 1
3 | root <root> | 2023-07-03 19:22 | Update | 1
2 | root <root> | 2023-04-11 17:09 | I, U | 64
1 | System <unset> | 2023-04-11 16:18 | Install | 304
history list
# 查看某个历史操作的详细信息
命令： yum history info ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history info 20
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Transaction ID : 20
Begin time : Sat Jul 8 19:50:47 2023
Begin rpmdb : 383:f87044a78f30db1c932054203bce614033b638f6
End time : 19:50:55 2023 (8 seconds)
End rpmdb : 405:faea1d0e20970e9103eeba24fb6f7cf20a969dc4
User : root <root>
Return-Code : Success
Command Line : install -y ansible
Transaction performed with:
Installed rpm-4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64 @anaconda
Installed yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch @anaconda
Installed yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch @anaconda
Packages Altered:
Dep-Install PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 @base
Install ansible-2.9.27-1.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-cffi-1.6.0-5.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-enum34-1.0.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-idna-2.4-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-jinja2-2.7.2-4.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python-paramiko-2.1.1-9.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-pycparser-2.14-1.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install python2-cryptography-1.7.2-2.el7.x86_64 @base
Dep-Install python2-httplib2-0.18.1-3.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-jmespath-0.9.4-2.el7.noarch @epel
Dep-Install python2-pyasn1-0.1.9-7.el7.noarch @base
Dep-Install sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64 @extras
history info
# 撤销历史操作：一般撤销更新操作
命令： yum history undo ID号
[root@web ~]# yum history undo 20## 查看所有源中可用的yum仓库
[root@web ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库名 仓库描述 仓库状态:多少个包
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,753
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 518
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 5,061
repolist: 29,404 # 一共多少包
## 使用yum-config-manager
# 1.没有命令，要安装命令
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-config-manager
No package yum-config-manager available.
Error: Nothing to do # 报错 找不到包
# 2.查询该命令属于哪个包
[root@web ~]# yum provides */yum-config-manager
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch : Utilities based around the yum package manager
#对应包名↑
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
# 3.安装对应的rpm包
[root@web ~]# yum install -y yum-utils
## all查看所有的库↓
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
# enabled：开启状态并显示这个库有多少包
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
# disabled ：关闭状态
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,060
## 修改yum源配置文件，开启或关闭仓库命令↓
# 1.开启命令
例↓
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --enable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror #加载
[root@web ~]# yum repolist all
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 215
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,751
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debu disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Sour disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 509
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 3,728
repolist: 28,275 # 开启以后 重新加载这个库 状态变为开启 显示库里包的数量 总数也会增加
# 2.关闭命令
[root@web ~]# yum-config-manager --disable centosplus
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror # 仓库名字
[base]
# 仓库的描述
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
# 仓库的地址
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
# 仓库签名检查机制
gpgcheck=1
# 仓库开启/关闭 （1：开启，0：关闭，默认1）
enabled=1
# 公钥的地址
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
公钥：锁
私钥：钥匙
